Cervical cancer is one of the top five cancers in Indian women. According to the WHO cancer database, it is the fourth most common cause of cancer in women worldwide.
As with other cancers, cervical cancer is linked to certain risk factors. Knowing what these risk factors are is crucial to take necessary steps to prevent or treat the cancer in its early stages.
In its early stages, cervical cancer has no symptoms. When the cancer spreads to deeper tissues in the cervix or to other body parts some symptoms are:
Human papillomavirus or HPV is a large group of related viruses.
Most of the Cervical cancer patients come from low socioeconomic strata of the population and this is linked to poor menstrual hygiene, making them prone to HPV infections.
Timely screening is one important action, especially when it comes to early detection of cervical cancer and preventing it. And the participation in such screening tests seems to depend upon income, education, social status and other health related assistance. Hence, screening participation of women among lower social classes is less compared to those of higher social classes. Especially in developing countries like India, women of low socioeconomic status have a higher risk of cervical cancer as the participation in cervical cancer screening tests like pap smear is low.
These differences tend to change when active screening participation is promoted, cultural and economic statuses are ignored, education and social support is offered.
Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of exposure to HPV as a sexually transmitted infection, and this increases the risk of cervical cancer.
Although the exact reason is not known, full-term pregnancies for three or more times are linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.
Tobacco has cancer-causing chemicals which can affect not only the lungs but other organs as well. Women who smoke have two times as much risk of cervical cancer as compared to non-smokers to get cervical cancer. According to researchers, these toxins damage the cervical cell DNA and lead to cervical cancer. Smoking also weakens the immune system which is then not able to fight HPV infections.
When the body’s immune system weakens, it is at a higher risk of a HPV infection. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes AIDS and weakens the immune system. In women with HIV, a cervical precancerous condition is likely to become invasive faster than normal. Also, women who are under immunosuppressants to treat various auto-immune diseases, or during an organ transplant may also have a higher risk of developing a HPV infection.
Other factors, like long term use of contraceptive pills and giving birth before the age of 20 may also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is curable when detected early. To know more about your risk factors, screening tests and treatment options, schedule an appointment with a leading cancer specialist at onco.com.
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