The internet is full of information and checklists that try to link everyday symptoms to serious diseases like cancer. As a medical organization, we want to issue an important disclaimer before we begin.
We have tried to ensure the information here is medically accurate. However, cancer is a complex disease that manifests uniquely in each patient. For a thorough analysis, we urge you to speak to a doctor or board-certified oncologist before making any decisions.
Part I: Symptoms
The National Cancer Institute has issued guidelines on symptoms that, if persistent, could indicate cancer. These include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Skin changes (e.g., yellowing, darkening, redness, sores that don’t heal)
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Sores that do not heal
- White spots or patches on the tongue or inside the mouth
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
- Nagging cough or hoarseness
Note: Most often, these symptoms do not indicate cancer. They may be caused by benign tumors or other chronic conditions. If symptoms persist for a couple of weeks, consult a doctor immediately for proper testing and diagnosis.
Note: Early cancer symptoms often do not cause pain. Do not wait for pain to appear before seeking medical advice.
Part II: Diagnosis
Diagnosing cancer involves a combination of physical exams, laboratory tests, imaging tests, and biopsies. Self-diagnosis using online checklists is dangerous and inaccurate.
Types of Biopsies
- Needle Biopsy: A needle is used to extract tissue or fluid. Common types include fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy.
- Endoscopic Biopsy: A thin, lighted tube (endoscope) is used to view internal organs and collect tissue samples.
- Surgical (Excisional or Incisional) Biopsy: In an excisional biopsy, the entire tumor is removed. In an incisional biopsy, only a portion is removed for analysis.
Diagnosing Cancer
It is critical that individuals do not rely on self-proclaimed cancer checklists to speculate about their health. While awareness of symptoms is important, symptoms can arise from many non-cancerous causes. Only a qualified medical professional can provide a confirmed diagnosis through appropriate testing.
Early detection and accurate diagnosis are key to successful treatment. If you have concerns, consult a doctor without delay.