India bears a significant burden of cervical cancer, with one woman dying from the disease every 8 minutes. Despite this, the country has delayed the introduction of the HPV vaccine into its national immunization program.
The Burden of Cervical Cancer in India
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Indian women. Key facts:
- Over 120,000 new cases diagnosed annually.
- More than 67,000 deaths per year.
- Accounts for nearly one-third of global cervical cancer deaths.
Key Risk Factors
- Persistent HPV infection: Detected in 99% of cervical cancer cases. The disease typically develops 10–20 years after infection.
- Lack of screening programs.
- Poor menstrual hygiene and limited access to sanitary products.
- High fertility rates and early childbearing.
- Smoking and weakened immune system.
The Vaccination Debate
In 2010, a pilot HPV vaccination program was launched in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh but was abruptly halted due to allegations of unethical trials and adverse effects. Although investigations found no causal link, the program was shelved.
In 2018, the Health Ministry reportedly considered introducing the vaccine but faced opposition from RSS-affiliated groups who claimed it would promote promiscuity and harm young girls.
As a result, the vaccine remains unavailable through public health channels, forcing families to pay out-of-pocket for private vaccination.
Global Perspective
Over 100 countries have introduced the HPV vaccine into their national programs, leading to dramatic reductions in HPV infection and precancerous lesions. Countries like Australia are on track to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health issue by 2035.
Public Health Implications
The delay in introducing the HPV vaccine in India has serious consequences:
- Missed opportunity to prevent thousands of deaths.
- Increased burden on healthcare systems.
- Perpetuation of preventable suffering among women in low-income communities.
Experts argue that public education, transparent policy-making, and political will are essential to overcoming stigma and implementing life-saving vaccination programs.